REFERENCES

1. Tardy ME. Rhinoplasty: The Art and the Science. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 1997.

2. Constantian MB. The incompetent external nasal valve: pathophysiology and treatment in primary and secondary rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994; 93:919-931.

3. Toriumi DM, Josen J, Weinberger MS, Tardy ME. Use of alar batten grafts for correction of nasal valve collapse. Arch Otol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123: 802-808.

4. Toriumi DM, Becker DG. Rhinoplasty Dissection Manual, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

5. Toriumi DM. Management of the Middle Nasal Vault in Rhinoplasty. Operat Tech Plast Reconstr Surg 1995; 2(1):16-30.

6. Tardy ME. Rhinoplasty in midlife. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1980; 13:289-303.

7. Rohrich RJ, Hollier LH. Rhinoplasty with advanc­ing age: characteristics and management. Clin Plast Surg 1996; 23:281-296.

8. Sheen JH. Spreader graft: a method of reconstruct­ing the roof of the middle nasal vault following rhi­noplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984; 73(2):230-237.

9. Goode RL. Surgery of the incompetent nasal valve. Laryngoscope 1985; 95:546-555.

10. Becker DG, Kennedy DW. Indications for sinus surgery in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. Aesthet Plast Surg 1998; 18(2):129-131.

11. Constantian MB, Clardy RB. The relative impor­tance of septal and nasal valvular surgery in correct­ing airway obstruction in primary and secondary rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 98:38-54.

12. Pastorek NJ, Becker DG. Treating the caudal septal deflection. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2000; 2:217-220.

13. Metzinger SE, Boyce RG, Rigby PL, Joseph JJ, Anderson JR. Ethmoid bone sandwich grafting for caudal septal defects. Arch Otol Head Neck Surg 1994; 120(10):1121-1125.

14. McCaffrey TV. Rhinomanometry and diagnosis of na­sal obstruction. Facial Plast Surg 1990; 7(4): 266-273.

15. Becker DG, Weinberger MS, Greene BA, Tardy ME. Clinical study of alar anatomy and surgery of the alar base. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123:789-795.

16. Becker DG. Complications in rhinoplasty. In: I Pa­pel I et al., editors. Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. New York: Mosby-Year Book, 2002.

17. Otolaryngology Coding Alert. December 2000; 2(12):89.

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